Euro-area confidence in the economic outlook improved less than forecast in January as the region
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Stocks are rising at the open on hopes for a plan to restore long-term confidence in the euro.
French and German leaders are meeting to discuss closer political and economic cooperation between the 17 nations that use the currency. They want tighter control of budgets, to prevent the kinds of debts that might to cause Greece and others to default.
Stocks overseas rose modestly Monday, while the yields on Italian bonds dove, suggesting traders believe that Italy is less likely to default. Italy’s government agreed this weekend on a package of austerity and economic growth measures.
The Dow is up 135 points, or 1.1 percent at 12,154. The S&P 500 is up 16, or 1.3 percent at 1,261. The Nasdaq composite index is up 32, or 1.2 percent at 2,659.
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Italian Premier Silvio Berlusconi has won a much-watched vote in Parliament but it shows he can no longer count on an overall majority in the Chamber of Deputies.
In parliament, 308 voted in favor, 321 abstained and no one voted against.
The opposition immediately demanded that Berlusconi resign to calm financial markets, although he has always refused those calls.
THIS IS A BREAKING NEWS UPDATE. Check back soon for further information. AP’s earlier story is below.
ROME (AP) _ Premier Silvio Berlusconi geared up for one of the most critical votes of his long political career Tuesday, as his main ally urged him to resign and Italy’s political uncertainty rocked financial markets for yet another day.
Berlusconi did not immediately respond to the demand, but he has repeatedly resisted all calls for his resignation before his term ends in 2013.
Berlusconi’s government is under intense pressure to enact quick reforms to shore up Italy’s defenses against Europe’s raging debt crisis. However, a weak coalition and doubts over Berlusconi’s leadership have ignited market fears of a looming Italian financial disaster that could bring down the 17-nation eurozone and shock the global economy.
“We asked him to step aside, take a step to the side,” Northern League leader Umberto Bossi told reporters ahead of a key vote in Parliament that could force Berlusconi’s resignation. Bossi is the volatile ally who also brought down Berlusconi’s first conservative government in 1994.
On the face of it, Tuesday’s vote is just a routine measure to approve 2010 state finances, but it has now become a test of Berlusconi’s political strength.
Italy’s center-left opposition said it would abstain in Tuesday’s voting, to make it clear just how fragile Berlusconi’s forces in Parliament are. If he is backed by fewer than 316 deputies _ or less than half of the 630-member chamber _ it would show the prime minister can no longer count on a majority in the lower house of Parliament, even though the government could still mathematically win the vote.
Bossi said the man Berlusconi has already picked as his successor, former Justice Minister Angelino Alfano, should now lead the government.
But it would be up to the Italian president, Giorgio Napolitano, to decide whether to appoint a new leader or dissolve parliament and call early elections. He would likely sound out political leaders before deciding.
Added Bossi: “Today, nothing will happen.”
Italy is the eurozone’s third-largest economy, with debts of around euro1.9 trillion ($2.6 trillion). Representing 17 percent of the eurozone’s gross domestic product, it is considered too big for Europe to bail out like the continent already has done for Greece, Portugal and Ireland.
Even worse, a substantial part of Italy’s debt needs to be rolled over in the next few years _ the nation needs to raise euro300 billion ($412 billion) in 2012 alone _ just as interest rates for it to borrow have been soaring.
Italy’s borrowing rates spiked Tuesday to their highest level since the euro was established in 1999. By mid-afternoon, the yield on Italy’s ten-year bonds was up 0.08 percentage point at 6.62 percent, down from an earlier high of 6.74 percent. A rate of over 7 percent is considered unsustainable and proved to be the trigger point that forced the other three eurozone nations into accepting financial bailouts.
Even the business leaders who once enthusiastically backed the media mogul’s leadership have been upset for months, saying Berlusconi’s government has failed to revive Italy’s stalled economy.
“(Italy) cannot go forward” with the soaring spread. “The country cannot stay in these conditions,” said Emma Marcegaglia, who leads a politically influential Italian business lobby.
The opposition center-left has long demanded the 75-year-old leader’s resignation, citing sex scandals, criminal prosecutions and legislative priorities it says are aimed at protecting his own business interests rather than those of the country. However, it has failed to come up with a leader who can unite the opposition.
Berlusconi appeared to be frantically trying to line up vote after vote, with at least two party dissenters visiting his Rome residence Tuesday as parliament resumed debate ahead of the vote.
One, lawmaker Isabella Bertolini, told reporters upon leaving she would vote in favor of the government. She said Berlusconi had laid out for her “all the possibilities and options that he’s evaluating: Stay, step back, step aside.”
Finance Minister Giulio Tremonti hurriedly left a eurozone finance ministers meeting in Brussels to get back to Rome for the vote.
But at least one deputy from Berlusconi’s People of Freedom Party won’t be there. Lawmaker Alfonso Papa, who is being investigated in a corruption scandal, is under house arrest.
If he gets through Tuesday’s hurdle, Berlusconi has indicated next week’s vote on the austerity measures would be a confidence vote. If it loses that, he would have to resign.
Antonio Di Pietro, a leader of a small center-left opposition party, told Sky TG24 TV that Berlusconi’s “political adventure has been over for a while now.” However, he doubted that Berlusconi would voluntarily leave.
One of Berlusconi’s closest allies, lawmaker Francesco Cicchitto, told reporters that coalition leaders will take stock immediately after the vote.
“One thing at a time. First the vote, let’s let it happen. Then we’ll reflect,” he said.
International financial officials and the markets, meanwhile, fretted over how long it was going to take for Italian lawmakers to approve measures promised weeks ago by Berlusconi to rein in Italy’s galloping public debt.
“I’m not making any judgment on Mr. Berlusconi personally. But I think there is a problem of confidence,” French Foreign Minister Alain Juppe told French radio RTL.
During a G-20 summit last week, Berlusconi had to take the humiliating step of asking the International Monetary Fund to monitor the country’s reform efforts. On Wednesday, a separate European Union monitoring mission is to begin work in Rome to review financial reforms taken so far.
As President Obama prepared to announce new measures Wednesday to help ease the burden of student loan debt, new figures painted a demoralizing picture of college costs for students and parents: Average in-state tuition and fees at four-year public colleges rose an additional $631 this fall, or 8.3 percent, compared with a year ago.
Nationally, the cost of a full credit load has passed $8,000, an all-time high. Throw in room and board, and the average list price for a state school now runs more than $17,000 a year, according to the twin annual reports on college costs and student aid published Wednesday by the College Board.
The large increase in federal grants and tax credits for students, on top of stimulus dollars that prevented greater state cuts, helped keep the average tuition-and-fees that families actually pay much lower: about $2,490, or just $170 more than five years ago. But the days of states and families relying on budget relief from Washington appear numbered. And some argue that while Washington’s largesse may have helped some students, it did little to hold down prices.
“The states cut budgets, the price goes up, and the (federal) money goes to that,” said Patrick Callan, president of the National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education. “For 25 years we’ve been putting more and more money into financial aid, and tuition keeps going up. We’re on a national treadmill.”
Nonetheless, President Obama planned to announce a series of steps to help with one of the consequences of rising college prices: student debt. This year total outstanding student loan debt has passed $1 trillion, now exceeding credit card debt. And concerns about student loan debt have been front and center with many of the Occupy Wall Street protesters.
Obama will use executive authority for two loan-relief measures. First, he will move up the start date _ from 2014 to 2012 _ of a plan Congress already passed that reduces the maximum repayment on federal student loans from 15 percent of discretionary incomes to 10 percent. The White House says about 1.6 million borrowers could be affected, and that remaining debt would be forgiven after 20 years, instead of 25.
The administration also will allow 5.8 million borrowers with outstanding loans from two federal programs _ direct lending the Family Education Loan Program _ to consolidate into a direct loan, potentially saving some borrowers hundreds of dollars per month.
Those changes may not help new borrowers much, but they could put cash in the pockets of millions still paying back their loans. They also could encourage more borrowers to take advantage of the income repayment options that are already in place, but not widely known. Finally, by consolidating into direct lending, more could qualify for that program’s public service loan forgiveness, which can forgive debts after just 10 years of repayments for people working in nonprofit or public service jobs.
In the College Board’s latest price report, some of the increase was driven by huge increases at public universities in California, which enrolls 10 percent of public four-year college students and whose 21 percent tuition increase this year was the largest of any state.
But even without California, prices would have increased 7 percent on average nationally _ an exceptional burden at a time of high unemployment and stagnant family incomes.
Terry Hartle, senior vice president at the American Council on Education, which represents colleges in Washington, said the cause of the price increases for the 80 percent of college students who attend public institutions is clear. State appropriations to higher education declined 18 percent per student over the last three years, the College Board found, the sharpest fall on record.
“To see increases of 20 percent, as we saw in California, to see gains of 15 percent in other states, is simply unprecedented,” Hartle said. “Tuition is simply being used as a revenue substitute in many states.”
The College Board reports roughly 56 percent of 2009-2010 bachelor’s degree recipients at public four-years graduated with debt, averaging about $22,000. At private nonprofit universities, the figures were higher _ 65 percent and around $28,000. Those figures are likely to rise, though private borrowing _ usually more dangerous than government loans _ has been falling.
“Psychologically, practically, it’s a big number, and it will inform important choices, like when and whether you buy a home, start a family, save for retirement or take the risk of starting a new business,” said Lauren Asher, president of The Institute for College Access and Success, who also applauded the Obama announcement.
And Asher and other experts emphasize that the types of loans students take out can be as important as the amount. In general, a college degree remains a good investment.
Other slivers of what passes for good news: While several states had double-digit percentage increases, there were wide variations, and Connecticut and South Carolina held under 3 percent. Roughly half of students are enrolled in nonprofit colleges attend institutions charging under $10,000, and fewer than 1 in 10 attend institutions listing prices over $36,000.
Meanwhile, both community colleges and private four-year colleges reported lower tuition inflation than public universities.
At nonprofit private four-year colleges, tuition and fees were up 4.5 percent to $28,500. Factoring in aid, the average total net cost, including room and board, was about $22,970 _ lower than five years ago. At community colleges, where list prices rose 8.7 percent nationally to just under $3,000, net costs also are lower than five years ago, and aid generally covers the whole price.
Still, while net costs are important to note, they don’t tell the whole story. They don’t cover living costs, which for many students are a higher obstacle than tuition, especially if they can’t work as much while enrolled.
And the aid dollars that help lower the average net price don’t always go to the neediest students.
Colleges award merit scholarships. Federal Pell Grants do support the neediest, and spending on them has nearly doubled in the last two years to around $35 billion (9.1 million students got grants averaging $3,828).
But the latest College Board figures highlight a rapid recent increase in indirect government support through tuition and other tax credits, which have reached almost $15 billion. Around 12 million people are now taking advantage of tax benefits averaging more than $1,200. And while recent changes make low-income families better able to take advantage of those credits, a growing proportion of the benefit goes to families earning more than $100,000.
The tax credit program, dramatically expanded in 2009, “really changes the story of how the federal government subsidizes students,” said Sandy Baum, the economist who directs the College Board’s reports. The credit is “not so much a middle-income benefit as we’re used to thinking about it.”
Some states are not only cutting their appropriations but not even paying what they’ve promised. Illinois is late on payments worth $500 million to nine campuses this year.
The percentage increases in California, once widely considered to have the best-value public universities in the world, are so high in part because the base prices of past years were low. Prices there still aren’t high by national standards, but this year for the first time, California’s tuition and fee rates were above the national average. That in 2011 California’s public universities would be cost more than the national average would have been unimaginable to most experts a decade ago.
Hartle and others say this year’s sharp increases came despite the last chunks of stimulus dollars from Washington used to plug holes in education spending. Looking forward, state budgets remain broken and there’s little indication Washington will come riding to the rescue.
“I’m not exactly sure where higher education in the United States is going,” he said. “But I have a feeling California is going to get there first.”
Also, on Tuesday, an Education Department official testified to a House subcommittee that personal details of as many as 5,000 college students were temporarily visible to other students on the departments’ direct loan web site earlier this month.
The episode lasted six or seven minutes on Oct. 12 and happened during a reconfiguration of data on 11.5 million borrowers to improve website performance times, said James Runcie, the Education Department’s federal student aid chief operating officer. Students who logged on during that window saw other students’ personal details. Those who were exposed were notified and offered credit monitoring services. The department said it had no reason to believe any students’ information was misused.
A security court in Bahrain on Wednesday sentenced 19 people, including a 16-year-old Iraqi soccer player, to up to five years in prison for taking part in Shiite-led protests against the Gulf nation’s Sunni rulers.
The decision brings the total number of people sentenced this week to at least 81, as Bahrain’s authorities step up prosecutions of hundreds of people arrested in the crackdown on dissent. Bahrain’s majority Shiites claim they face widespread discrimination. More than 30 people have been killed since February in Bahrain’s unrest, which was inspired by uprisings elsewhere in the Arab world.
On Wednesday, the court sentenced 13 people to five years in prison, and six people to one year terms for alleged attacks during the unrest, including trying to torch a police station, the Information Affairs Authority said in a statement. The verdicts can be appealed.
Family members, journalists and human rights activists attended the hearing, which took place in the Al-Khamees police station, according to the statement.
The detention of the Iraqi teenager, Zulfiqar Naji, sparked angry demonstrations in Iraq and as far away as Canada calling for his release Payday advance. It also prompted the Iraq government to make a plea to Bahrain on his behalf. Naji played for a local soccer club in Bahrain until his arrest.
The player’s father, Abdulameer Naji, said in July that his son was taken into custody from their Bahrain home in April on suspicion of participating in protests. The father has since fled to Iraq but the boy’s mother and several of his siblings have remained in Bahrain.
At least six players for Bahrain’s national soccer team were detained _ many of them beaten and tortured _ during months of political turmoil. One of them was sentenced to two years in prison.
Shiite Muslims represent about 70 percent of Bahrain’s 525,000 citizens, but claim they face widespread discrimination such as being blocked from high-level political and military posts. Protesters demand the 200-year-old ruling Sunni dynasty give up its hold on power and allow a freely elected government.
Bank of America’s homepage and online banking service are experiencing problems.
A message on the home page said the site was temporarily unavailable. Some visitors who tried to sign onto their accounts were greeted with the message that the site was “operating slower than usual” and that the bank was working to restore service.
A company spokeswoman said the problems began around 9:15 a unsecured personal loans.m. Friday, but that customers can still bank via text message and at ATMs. She said problems weren’t the result of hacking.
The outage came a day after the bank said it would start charging a $5 monthly fee for debit card purchases.
The leaders of France and Germany said Wednesday that they want the heads of the eurozone countries to elect the president of a new “economic government” who would direct regular summits to respond to the continent’s financial crisis.
For many in the markets, the proposal fell short of hopes: a grand plan to save the euro and, in particular, a sign the eurozone was moving toward a single bond issued by the 17 countries.
French President Nicolas Sarkozy and German Chancellor Angela Merkel outlined their proposals in a letter to Herman Van Rompuy, president of the European Council. They said that they hoped Van Rompuy would get the job.
The two leaders, who met in Paris on Tuesday, called the twice-yearly summits “the cornerstone of the new economic government of the eurozone.”
However, heads of the eurozone governments already hold summits, though not regularly scheduled ones, under the chairmanship of Van Rompuy. The first was in 2008.
Sarkozy and Merkel also raised the politically sensitive issue of pensions, saying eurozone states should rapidly implement structural reforms, including changes in “retirement policy.” They did not elaborate.
As global stocks fell, shares in stock exchange operators were hit particularly hard on news the two leaders want to introduce a tax on financial transactions. Deutsche Boerse slid 3.7 percent and the London Stock Exchange Group PLC was down 4.7 percent. Merkel and Sarkozy said the two countries’ finance ministers would come up with a proposal by September that would be forwarded to the European Commission.
A transaction tax _ a small percentage taken from foreign exchange and share transactions, for instance _ has been proposed as a source of money to pay for bank bailouts. But European Central Bank head Jean-Claude Trichet says it would only work if introduced globally. The U.S. is also against the idea.
Yusuf Heusen, senior sales trader at IG Index, said the news was hurting the shares. “It’s worth bearing in mind, however, that this is simply a proposal and there are many hurdles to be overcome, but without doubt it’s going to be squarely in focus in the weeks and months ahead.”
German Chancellor Angela Merkel’s spokesman, Steffen Seibert, said the proposals would bring a “higher level of commitment” to efforts to stabilize budgets and fight debt payday loan online. Yet Wednesday’s letter seemed to back away from the boldest proposal Sarkozy had put forward a day earlier _ the creation of a eurozone economic government. The letter gave few details and described it primarily as a reinforcement of current policies.
Former Belgian Prime Minister Guy Verhofstadt told VRT radio the biannual summits would “absolutely not create an economic government,” and called the proposal window dressing.
A prominent opposition lawmaker in Germany was equally unimpressed.
“What has been proposed here isn’t a European economic government, but that Mr. Van Rompuy will be allowed to give an occasional report to Ms. Merkel and Mr. Sarkozy,” Juergen Trittin, a co-leader of the Greens’ parliamentary group, told Radio Eins.
Analysts said the proposals would do little to pull Europe out of its quagmire.
“It’s all very long-term stuff, which is why the outcome’s been quite disappointing,” said Jennifer McKeown, a European economist at Capital Economics. “It doesn’t address the current problems.”
She said Sarkozy and Merkel had avoided the only real solution: a close fiscal union in which struggling countries could receive aid quickly without long negotiations. The eurobond would be one likely outcome of a closer union and would allow weaker countries to borrow more cheaply since the bonds would be backed by the entire eurozone. It might, however, raise costs for a powerhouse like Germany.
Sarkozy and Merkel said Tuesday that a eurobond might eventually be created, but not in the near future. Eurobonds are viewed with suspicion in Germany, where critics say they would encourage other countries to continue running up debt.
Without such a move, the eurozone is doomed, said McKeown.
“The likely outcome is the eurozone ceases to exist,” she said, though the stronger core countries, like Germany, the Netherlands and France, might continue to band together.
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Britain’s cities were largely quiet early Thursday after days of rioting and looting that drew thousands of extra police officers onto the streets and a stern warning from Prime Minister David Cameron that order would be restored by whatever means necessary.
Tensions remained high even in the absence of any major incidents, and Cameron has recalled Parliament from its summer recess for an emergency debate on the riots later Thursday. He will face mounting pressure to reconsider planned police budget cuts, which critics claim will strain an already overstretched force.
An eerie calm prevailed over most of London overnight, with a highly visible police presence watching over the capital. Metropolitan Police said objects had been thrown at officers in south London’s Eltham neighborhood but that the incident had been “dealt with” and a group was dispersed.
Other cities where looters had wreaked havoc earlier this week also came through the night largely unscathed, though for the first time minor disturbances were reported in Wales.
Police continued to make arrests linked to the disturbances, with the number of arrests in London alone climbing to 820. Courts were staffing around the clock to process alleged looters, vandals and thieves _ including one as young as 11.
Even as Cameron promised Wednesday not to let a “culture of fear” take hold, tensions flared in Birmingham, where a murder probe was opened after three men were killed in a hit-and-run incident as they took to the streets to defend shops from looting.
“We needed a fightback and a fightback is under way,” Cameron said in a somber televised statement outside his Downing Street office after a meeting of the nation’s crisis committee. As if to indicate his resolve, he underlined “nothing is off the table” _ including water cannon, commonly used in Northern Ireland but never deployed in Britain.
Outside the capital, in England’s second largest city of Birmingham, police launched a murder investigation into the deaths of the three men hit by a car. Residents said the victims, aged 21 to 31, were members of Birmingham’s South Asian communities who had been patrolling their neighborhood to keep it safe from looters.
“They lost their lives for other people, doing the job of the police,” said witness Mohammed Shakiel, 34. “They weren’t standing outside a mosque, a temple, a synagogue or a church _ they were standing outside shops where everybody goes. They were protecting the community.”
Tariq Jahan, whose 21-year-old son Haroon was killed, stood in a Birmingham street and pleaded with the South Asian community not to seek revenge against the car’s occupants, reported to be black.
“Today we stand here to plead with all the youth to remain calm, for our community to stand united,” he said. “This is not a race issue. The family has received messages of sympathy and support from all parts of the community _ all races, all faiths and backgrounds.”
He remonstrated with angry young men, urging them to “grow up” and go home.
Chris Sims, chief constable of West Midlands Police, said a man had been arrested on suspicion of murder.
“The information we have at the moment would support the idea that the car was deliberately driven,” he said, appealing for calm. “My concern would be that that single incident doesn’t lead to a much wider level of distress and even violence between different communities.”
The violence has revived debate about the Conservative-led government’s austerity measures, which will slash 80 billion pounds ($130 billion) from public spending by 2015 to reduce the country’s swollen budget deficit.
Cameron’s government has slashed police budgets as part of the cuts. A report last month said the cuts will mean 16,000 fewer police officers by 2015.
London Mayor Boris Johnson _ like Cameron, a Conservative _ broke with the government to say such cuts are wrong.
“That case was always pretty frail and it has been substantially weakened,” he told BBC radio. “This is not a time to think about making substantial cuts in police numbers.”
Scenes of ransacked stores, torched cars and blackened buildings have frightened and outraged Britons just a year before their country is to host next summer’s Olympic Games, bringing demands for a tougher response from law enforcement. Police across the country have made almost 1,200 arrests _ including the more than 800 in London _ since the violence broke out in the capital on Saturday.
Britain’s soccer authorities were talking with police Wednesday to see whether this weekend’s season-opening matches of the Premier League could still go ahead in London. A Wednesday match between England and the Netherlands at London’s Wembley stadium was canceled.
Britain’s riots began Saturday when an initially peaceful protest over a police shooting in London’s Tottenham neighborhood turned violent. That clash has morphed into general lawlessness in London and several other cities that police have struggled to halt.
While the rioters have run off with goods every teen wants _ new sneakers, bikes, electronics and leather goods _ they also have torched stores apparently just to see something burn. They were left virtually unchallenged in several neighborhoods, and when police did arrive they often were able to flee quickly and regroup.
Some residents stood guard to protect their neighborhoods _ Sikhs protected their temple in Southall, west London, and some 1,000 far-right members reportedly took to the streets to deter rioters.
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